4-Study on weight gain detemir vs. degludec:
3-Weight gain in detemir vs. glargine
Adults taking detemir gained about 1 kg less body weight than those taking degludec (type 1) or glargine (type 2).
The mean weight gain associated with detemir use was significantly less than the mean weight change observed with glargine use. The magnitude of weight change was consistent with that demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. These results further substantiate detemir's purported comparative weight-sparing properties under conditions found in a real-world practice setting.
2-WHO Essential Medicines List 2023 p. 43
Long-acting insulin analogues*
Therapeutic alternatives:
- insulin degludec
- insulin detemir
- insulin glargine
*including quality-assured biosimilars
5-Study on well-documented inferior coefficient of variation of glargine:
"Considering that both long-acting insulin analogs, insulin detemir and insulin glargine, are presented as clear solutions, one might assume that both analogs would be associated with lower variability compared with NPH insulin. However, in a previous trial, no difference could be demonstrated between insulin glargine and NPH insulin (8). In contrast, the within-subject variability was substantially lower with insulin detemir than with both NPH insulin and insulin glargine in this trial. The observed difference in variability between the two insulin analogs may be related to the different modes of protraction. Insulin detemir stays in solution in the subcutaneous depot, in the circulation, and in the target tissues until interacting with the insulin receptor. Insulin glargine on the other hand forms microprecipitates after subcutaneous injection (23), which must redissolve before absorption can take place. Precipitation and redissolution are processes inherently associated with a substantial variability."
6-Comparison of insulin detemir and insulin glargine on glycemic variability in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
"Conclusion: The present study demonstrated lower within-subject variability of insulin detemir compared to insulin glargine, suggesting that the basal insulin replacement with insulin detemir may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for uncontrolled type 1 diabetes with high glucose variability."
7-Description of Lantus Low from Lantus Product Monograph, p. 56 of this version, under "preparing the dose"
Hypoglycemia can result from injection directly into a blood vessel and if not recognized or treated may be followed by hyperglycemia since there was no deposition for long-term absorption.
8-Alarmingly high rates of overweight/obesity in youth were observed within 5 years following type 1 diabetes diagnosis.
Near the time of diabetes diagnosis, 35.5% of youth had BMIs in the overweight/obesity range. These rates increased over time (p < 0.001), with 52.8% having overweight/obesity 5 years after diagnosis. Average age when BMI rose from healthy to overweight/obese or overweight to obese (rise group) was at 12.7 years, occurring 2.5 years after diagnosis.
9-American Diabetes Association Standards of Care in Diabetes - 2024
Glycemic Goals in Pregnancy: Glucose goals are fasting plasma glucose <95 mg/dLIdeally, the A1C goal in pregnancy is <6% (<42 mmol/mol) if this can be achieved without significant hypoglycemia...In the second and third trimesters, A1C <6% (<42 mmol/mol) has the lowest risk of large-for-gestational-age infants (40,43,44), preterm delivery (45), and preeclampsia (1,46). Taking all of this into account, a goal of <6% (<42 mmol/mol) is optimal during pregnancy if it can be achieved without significant hypoglycemia.The physiology of pregnancy necessitates frequent titration of insulin to match changing requirements and underscores the importance of daily and frequent blood glucose monitoring.While many health care professionals prefer insulin pumps in pregnancy, it is not clear that they are superior to multiple daily injections (105,106). None of the current automated insulin delivery (AID) systems approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have algorithms set to achieve pregnancy goals.
10-Discontinuation of insulins
Detemir was the 117th most commonly prescribed drug in 2021 with over 5 million prescriptions and 1 million patients in the US.
Analyzing discontinuation of all 62 insulin products over the past several decades, this article found that not a single discontinuation occurred for safety or effectiveness reasons.
